IELTS
- a proficiency exam 能力考试
- 为英语为非母语(not your first language)的人设立的
- The IELTS and TOEFL exams are two most popular English proficiency exams.
- a requirement 要求
- An English exam was a requirement to apply for a work visa in Canada.
- widely accepted 被广泛接受
- The IELTS and TOEFL exams are recognised by over 12000 academic institutions all over the world.
- to be valid
- IELTS and TOEFL exam certificates are always valid for two years before you have to retake the test.
- computer-based
- The TOEFL is a computer-based exam; it's not done on paper.
- on paper 纸质试卷
- The IELTS test can be taken on paper in the traditional way.
- a test centre 考试中心
- 托福考试可以在家里或在官方考试中心以上机形式进行。
- 雅思考试很可能要在考试中心进行
- 如果是为了申请大学,请务必确认该大学是否承认家庭版考试
- face to face 面对面
- 雅思口语考试一直都采取现场面对面的形式,需要与考官进行 15 分钟的简短对话
- to assess 评估
- 考试会评估拼写 spelling,这是最基本的部分
- 除了 speaking 以外,listening、reading、writing 都会评估拼写
- to demonstrate accuracy 展示准确性
- Examiners expect candidates to demonstrate accuracy in their writing and avoid mistakes.
- an error 错误
在雅思和托福中,拼写可以使用美式英语或者英式英语拼写,两者都可以接受,但要始终选择一种变体,不要混合使用。
不要这样写:😕She realized her dream of travelling.
使用最多的:
American Spelling | British Spelling | |
---|---|---|
-er / -re | center,meter | cetre, metre |
-or / -our | color, favorite | colour, favourite |
-z / -s | organize, realization | organise, realisation |
-l / -ll | traveling, modeling | travelling, modelling |
-ed / -t | dreamed, learned | dreamt, learnt |
- British English spelling: I'm very organised when travelling.
- American English spelling: I'm very organized when traveling.
评估标准
- assessment criteria 评估标准
- Clear pronunciation is another aspect of the assessment for global proficiency exams.
- fluency and coherence 流利程度和条理性
- 可以用填充词,比如 um, well, 和 That's a good question... 不过尽量不要使用太多,否则会看起来你在犹豫
- To improve coherence, you should learn a wide range of linking phrases to help you connect your idea logically.
- lexical resource 词汇量(雅思)
- 托福用的术语是 language use
- grammatical range and accuracy 语法范围和准确性
- 口头和书面表达中使用一系列不同的 时态
- 即使考官的问题可能是现在时态,也使用一系列时态(现在时态、过去时态和将来时态)来回答是很重要的,这样就可以获得更高的分数。
- pronunciation 发音
听力
四个方面:语音、词汇、语法和短期记忆
雅思听力有四种口音:
- 英音(60% - 70%)
- 澳音(15% - 20%)
- 美音(10% - 15%)
- 杂音(5%)
英音和美音最大的区别是英音的元音发音靠后,美音许多元音比较靠前。
- regional 地域性
- English is an offical language in over 60 countries, so there are many regional varieties of English spoken.
建议找一些来自澳大利亚、新西兰、加拿大和南非国家/地区的播客或者 Youtube 视频。
- universal 通用
- slang 俚语
- 地方俚语很难理解
- shortened language
- 具有地域性,雅思和托福不会考察
- diverse 多元
- a lingua franca 通用语
- English is used as a lingua franca in international business.
口语
考试测试你在国际场合中与他人进行清晰沟通的能力。不会测试某一个特定英语变体。
表达好恶
- to find something appealing 找到有吸引力的学科
- I absolutely loved studying maths at school. I found it very appealing.
- to be fond of 喜欢
- my absolute favourite 我最喜欢的
- History and politics were my absolute favourite subjects as a teenager.
- My absolute favorite subjects at high school was computer science. I just love coding and building apps.
- to dread something 极度害怕某事
- I can't stand... 我受不了...
- When I was younger, I couldn't stand going to school. I found studying unappealing.
举例
雅思考试中,必须非常仔细地听,确保准确回答考官提出的问题。如果没有听明白问题,最好要求考官重复一遍问题,而不是回答错误的问题或保持沉默。
- for example / for instance 例如...
- I spend lots of time with my family. For example, we always eat together in the evenings.
- an example of this 这方面的一个示例是...
- My and my brother have similar interests. An example of this is that we both like karate.
体现更好的语法掌握,可以使用过去时态:
- Just the other day... 举一个前不久发生的具体例子
- My dad's an excellent cook. Just the other day, he made the most delicious Thai green curry from scratch.
- I remember once... 举一个过去已经完成的事件的具体例子
- When I was a younger... 举一个你童年的具体例子
组合使用:
My dad often asks me for help. An example of this is with technology. Just the other day he forgot his email password.
语法
- How often do you listen to music?
- 可以综合多个时态
- I listen to music every single day.
- I'm going to a music festival next weekend.
- I was actually listening to music last night.
- I often listen to music at night to relax. For example, last night I was listening to some jazz music while cooking.
主题词汇
- current affairs 时事
- the press 新闻媒体
- The role of the press in a democracy is to inform members of the public and hold people in power accountable. 新闻媒体在民主国家中的作用时向公众提供信息,并追究当权者的责任。
- to flick through 翻阅
- tabloid 小报
- biased 有偏见的
- well-informed 消息灵通的
用不同词汇表达同样的意思:
- 原句:I love reading about important news issues.
- 改述:I enjoy news reading to current affairs.
I find reading news online more appealing than reading newspapers to help me stay well-informed about current affairs.
从不评估你的观点的质量,只是关注你的语言技能以及如何运用相关例子支持这些想法。
连接词
We use linking phrases to connect ideas and show the relationship between them. 我们使用连接词来连接想法,并展示它们之间的关系。
展示对比:Even though technology is useful, it has some downsides.
- fist of all
- To start with... 首先
- Secondly... 其次……
- 连接词 「secondly」会向你的考官发出信号,表示你将会提到其他相似的要点。
- Moreover... 此外……
- Additionally... 此外……
- Similarly... 此外/同样……
表达观点
在口语或写作考试中表达观点时,你必须始终用合乎逻辑的理由支持它。
- 表明你的主要观点(main opinion)
- While there are some drawbacks to children using VR, I'd say it can be very beneficial in education.
- 然后给出支持理由(supporting reason)
- Children should use VR headsets since they can help them improve coordination skills.
考官评估的是 coherence(能够以条理分明、合乎逻辑的方式表达我们的想法)。
- Certainly! 当然
- Absolutely not! 绝对不是
Some people are very good at time management and learn a lot from having real responsibility. However, for others, having a side hustle can mean they have less time and energy to spend on their university assignments.
- I take your point... 我理解你的观点……
其他考试
托福
- 托福口语考试的第一部分:paired choice question(两个选项,选择一个偏好选项并陈述理由)
Do you perfer to study alone when you are preparing for a big examination? Or, do you believe that studying in a group is a better way to prepare?
-
"Children should not be allowed to use virtual reality headsets.” Do you agree or disagree with the statement?
-
negatively impact
-
a positive impact
Virtual reality can be beneficial in education, since it makes learning highly interactive and engaging. 虚拟现实对教育有益,因为它使学习具有高度的互动性和吸引力。
- to be problematic 有问题的
- a downside 缺点
- A downside of virtual reality headsets is that they have high upfront costs, so not everyone can afford them. 虚拟现实眼镜的一个缺点是它们的前期成本很高,因此并非每个人都能负担得起。
雅思备考必备
- 《剑桥雅思真题》
- 可以考虑 7 - 10 作为熟悉题型
- 11 - 19 开始学习技巧和策略,积累单词等等